Suchergebnisse

In society, at different levels, public territorial collectivities exist as component parts of the whole - the people in its entirety. Each of these collectivities perform, abiding by the principles of local autonomy, their respective public power which is exercised directly by the population or by the population's representative authorities. The functions of public power are realized at those levels where for their efficient realization there are adequate conditions and possibilities. As a consequence of the diversity and hierarchy of the public territorial collectivities, many authorities of different public powers may coexist in a single territory. The compatibility of activities of different public powers is solved by clearly delimiting the competences and responsibilities of said public powers. The objectives of public power regarding the order of the public relations determines the functional dimension of representative public authorities. This activity should be directed exclusively in realizing the interests of the collectivity by political, economical, social and spiritual development.

The active participation of citizens in local public life is one of the essential characteristics of contemporary democratic societies. The objective of the research was to elucidate the causes of the non-involvement of the population in the public life of the local authorities in the Republic of Moldova. The main method of data collection was the content analysis of official documents and statistics, normative acts, sociological surveys and scientific literature. As a result of the research, were established the following reasons for the noninvolvement of the population in the process of administration of public affairs at the local level: a) the population does not trust the local authorities, but the local public authorities consider the population, at best, only as an electorate, and at worst, as a contingent that causes problems and discomfort; b) the local authorities does not have sufficient resources and means to provide the residents with quality public services; widespread impoverishment had the effect of drastically diminishing the presence of the active population in the local public life, especially in the rural areas; the local population is not sufficiently informed about the conditions and possibilities for participation in the local decision-making process.

As a result of direct diplomatic and military pressure exerted by the Soviet Union and blackmail by Germany and Italy in support of the aggressor, in June 1940 the Romanian administration and army left, without resistance, the territory of Bessarabia. The aim of the research is to reconstruct, in the spirit of truth and within the limits of historical objectivity, the events that occurred in a very complex and equally controversial period in the history of Cahul county – the withdrawal of the Romanian authorities and the establishment of the soviet occupation regime in summer 1940. In order to elucidate the subject, was used the method of content analysis of the official documents drawn up by the competent authorities of the "Lower Danube" Land, contained in the archive funds. A reliable source of information on the early days of soviet occupation is the refugees' testimonies from Bessarabia. Forced and disorderly withdrawal of Romanian troops and administration caused by the actions of soviet troops that did not meet the deadlines for the invasion of Bessarabia, generated chaos and uncertainty among the population. Although they provided stoning information, marked by personal feelings, they are still an important source of information because they were provided by eyewitnesses of the events. The disorganized withdrawal of state institutions and the army was greatly disrupted by the interventions of minority groups and the abusive behavior of soviet troops. The hostile actions of the minority against Romanian refugees and soldiers are mainly related to the sabotage and propaganda actions of the Soviet Union, as well as to internal factors that failed to integrate these ethnic groups over two decades of the Romanian administration. From the very first days of soviet occupation, soviet-type power structures were created in Bessarabia, and a number of political, economic, social and propaganda measures were taken to establish the soviet regime as soon as possible. The repressive measures taken by the new ...

Abstract: The active participation of citizens in local public life is one of the essential characteristics of contemporary democratic societies. The objective of the research was to elucidate the causes of the non-involvement of the population in the public life of the local authorities in the Republic of Moldova. The main method of data collection was the content analysis of official documents and statistics, normative acts, sociological surveys and scientific literature. As a result of the research, were established the following reasons for the noninvolvement of the population in the process of administration of public affairs at the local level: a) the population does not trust the local authorities, but the local public authorities consider the population, at best, only as an electorate, and at worst, as a contingent that causes problems and discomfort; b) the local authorities does not have sufficient resources and means to provide the residents with quality public services; widespread impoverishment had the effect of drastically diminishing the presence of the active population in the local public life, especially in the rural areas; the local population is not sufficiently informed about the conditions and possibilities for participation in the local decision-making process.

On the 24th February 2019 took place the parliamentary elections in the Republic of Moldova. Parliamentary elections represent one of the most important components of the political process. The distinct particularity of these parliamentary elections was determined by the fact that they took place, for the first time, in a mixed electoral system: 50 deputies were chosen on party lists, and 51 deputies in some uninominal constituencies. The changes of the electoral system are examined and the consequences of the implementation of the new system for the evolution of political processes in the Republic of Moldova.

The purpose of the monograph is to investigate the territorial organization of the local collectivities of the Republic of Moldova based on the paradigm of the territorial organization of the public power. The monograph aim is the reconfiguration of the framework for the analysis of the phenomenon of the territorial organization of local power by deliberately opting for the territorial organization approach of the public power from the perspective of social sciences, in general, and of political science, in particular, as well as the rigors imposed by the principles of the contemporary democracies relative to the realities of the Republic of Moldova. The fundamental idea of the monograph is that the existing territorial organization of the local power, being established without taking into account the needs and interests of the local collectivities, does not provide the premises for the development of the society, in general, and of the local collectivities, in particular. Identification and implementation of an optimal territorial organization system of the local power will create the necessary conditions for the affirmation of the local democracy and ensure the prosperous development of the Republic of Moldova.

As a result of the Russian - Turkish war in 1806-1812 the Moldovan territory between the rivers Prut and Dniester, later called Bessarabia, was annex by the Russian Empire. The administrative policy of the Russian authorities in Bessarabia was closely connected with the progress and the foreign policy course of the Russian Empire. As Basarabia bordered in the West on the Russian Empire it had a great political and military importance being treated as a possible springboard for attack on Balkan. The process of administrative establishment in Bessarabia dependent upon the propesed objectives in foreign policy and upon the Empire`s political interests. The implementation and consolidation process of the Russian administrative system in Bessarabia can be divided into three distinct periods. The first period - from 1812 to 1818. A temporary system of administration has been institued which was similar to that existent in Moldova, the idea of a continuation of the administrative system being accredited. In the period of administrative authonomy (1818-1828) the Suprem Council has been established, which was the suprem administrative and juridical body in Bessarabia. At the same time, administrative institutions characteristic of the Russian system of administration were founded in the region. The last period between 1828 and 1917 is the final period in the process of consolidationof Russian administration in Bessarabia. With the foundation of the administrative system according to "The Locality" from 1828 the implementation of Russian administrative structures in the region ends, but some exeptions. After the realization in the region of administrative reforms in the 60s - 70s of the XIX century administration in Bessarabia becomes identical with that in central provinces of the Russian Empire. Administration in Bessarabia was an obedient instrument in carrying out the Russian colonial policy in the region. Russian autorities permanent objects were making Bessarabia dependent on them discreditation of the national system of administration, disregard of the local administrative institutions and practic, subestimation of Moldovan laws.

The paper explains various aspects of the local electoral process in the Republic of Moldova.

In February 1938, a monarchical regime was established in Romania. In order to strengthen the power of the monarch and his discretionary control over the administration, a new administrative law was drafted. Administrative law no. 2919, published in the Official Monitor no. 187 from August 14, 1938 grouped the 71 counties of Romania into 10 regions. The region was a territorial circumscription, endowed with legal personality.
According to the Administrative law from August 14, 1938, the county became a simple district of control and deconcentration of the central administration, losing its legal personality. The prefect was authorized to exercise the control of the local administration in the urban and rural communes of the county. One form of the control over the work of local authorities was their regular inspection. In April 1940, the prefect of the Cahul County, colonel Dumitru Dobrescu, inspected the county communes, clarifying various aspects of the activities of local administrations. The results of these inspections make it possible to create a true picture of the realities of the Bessarabian villages to months before the territorial abduction in June 1940.

In February 1938, a monarchical regime was established in Romania.
In order to strengthen the power of the monarch and his discretionary control over the
administration, a new administrative law was drafted. Administrative law no. 2919,
published in the Official Monitor no. 187 from August 14, 1938, grouped the 71 counties
of Romania into 10 regions. The region was a territorial circumscription, endowed with
legal personality.
According to the Administrative law from August 14, 1938, the county became
a simple district of control and deconcentration of the central administration, losing its
legal personality. The prefect was authorized to exercise the control of the local
administration in the urban and rural communes of the county. One form the control
over the work of local authorities was their regular inspection. In April 1940, the prefect
of the Cahul County, colonel Dumitru Dobrescu, inspected the county communes,
clarifying various aspects of the activities of local administrations. The results of these
inspections make it possible to create a true picture of the realities of the Bessarabian
villages to months before the territorial abduction in June 1940.

In the post-soviet states, the paradigm of the administrative-territorial structure of the state continues to be used, which is based on the approach to the distribution of state power in relation to the territory from top to bottom inherent in non-democratic societies. This model, built on the principles of authoritarian regimes, is sufficiently stable, but excludes local initiative and the mobilization of own resources for development. It is obvious that this model of territorial organization of public power requires a radical reform, and in order to successfully carry out the reform it is necessary to change the research paradigm of the phenomenon. The paradigm of territorial organization of public power, proposed by us, is based on the ascending approach of the phenomenon that has, as a starting point, the recognition of the plurality of public territorial collectivities in the contemporary democratic societies. In such an approach, the distribution of public power in relation to the territory does not consist only in the delimitation of the territory of the state, but is an ample process of identifying the optimal territorial dimensions for the local and intermediate communities. The search for a territorial optimum meets two basic tasks: a) the self-sufficiency of local communities and b) ensuring the conditions for the functioning of the local democracy.